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1993-06-16
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Ç\ \
This file must be printed out by using Alt P from within pE
If you're using a Laser printer:
Paper length = 60
Top margin = 0
Bottom margin = 0
Heading = on
Footing = on
otherwise:
Paper length = 66
Top margin = 3
Bottom margin = 3
Heading = on
Footing = on
leave other settings default.
\#N10\
Ç\ \
╓──────────────────────────────────╖
║ pE - The "perfect" Editor (tm) ║█▌
║ ║█▌
║ by ║█▌
║ ║█▌
║ Just Excellent Software, Inc. ║█▌
║ All Rights Reserved ║█▌
╙──────────────────────────────────╜█▌
████████████████████████████████████▌
┌─────────┐
┌─────┴───┐ │ (R)
──│ │o │──────────────────
│ ┌─────┴╨──┐ │ Association of
│ │ │─┘ Shareware
└───│ o │ Professionals
──────│ ║ │────────────────────
└────╨────┘ MEMBER
Copyright (c) 1990,1991 by
Just Excellent Software, Inc
220 High View Lane, Suite 202
Media, PA 19063
\ \
\ \
Ç\#B7\══ Copyright (c) 1990-1993 by Just Excellent Software, Inc.\════ i\
Table of Contents
Part 1.
About pE........................................... 1
Status Line........................................ 2
Insert/Replace..................................... 2
Escape Key......................................... 2
Prompts............................................ 2
Block Commands..................................... 3
Cursor Movement.................................... 5
Enter Key.......................................... 6
Deleting Text...................................... 6
File Commands...................................... 7
Exiting pE......................................... 9
Graphic Keys....................................... 9
Automatic Box Drawing.............................. 10
Redefining Box Styles.............................. 10
Drawing Lines with cursor keys (Autodraw).......... 11
Hexadecimal Editing................................ 11
Key Mappings....................................... 12
Macros............................................. 14
Options............................................ 14
Scrolling.......................................... 17
Finding and Replacing Text......................... 18
Regular Expressions................................ 20
Tabs............................................... 23
Viewports (Windows)................................ 24
Word Processing Mode............................... 27
Command Line Switches.............................. 28
Modifying Key Assignments.......................... 30
Ç\#B7\══ Copyright (c) 1990,1991 by Just Excellent Software, Inc.\════ ii\
Part 2.
(Key) (page)
Abandon Action ESC.................31
ASCII_Chart ^Va.................31
Align Paragraph Alt_A...............31
Align Paragraph (prompt) #Alt_A..............31
Autodraw single on/off Alt_3...............32
Autodraw double on/off Alt_4...............32
Auto Tab not assigned........33
Backspace Backspace...........32
Backtab Shift Tab...........33
Backup Path not assigned........33
Borders on/off not assigned........33
Box style 1 - single Alt_1...............33
Box style 2 - double Alt_2...............33
Box style 3 - two down Alt_3...............33
Box style 4 - two across Alt_4...............33
Box style 5 - thick line Alt_5...............33
Box style 6 - +-++++-+ Alt_6...............33
Box style 7 - +=+==+=+ Alt_7...............33
Box style 8 - ++++++++ Alt_8...............33
Box style 9 - ******** Alt_9...............33
Block Undo Alt_0...............34
Calculator ^C..................34
Calculator Result Alt_=...............34
Case Sensitivity (Toggle) ^F5.................34
Center Text in Block ^Ac.................35
Character Down dn-arrow............35
Character Left <-..................35
Character Right ->..................35
Character Up up-arrow............35
Close Window Alt_K.............. 35
Command Alt_C.............. 35
Copy Marked Block Gray Plus.......... 36
Cut Gray Minus......... 36
Date ^D_d............... 36
Delete Block Del................ 36
Delete Character Del................ 37
Delete Line F4................. 37
Delete to end of line ^F4................ 38
Delete Previous Word ^Backspace......... 38
Delete Word ^T................. 38
Display Lines (EGA/VGA) ^Vx................ 38
DOS Shell Alt_D.............. 38
DOS Window F11................ 38
Draw single line Alt_1.............. 38
Draw double line Alt_2.............. 38
Double Space Block ^Kn................ 39
Duplicate Line ^Qu................ 39
Edit File in new window Alt_E.............. 39
Ç\#B7\══ Copyright (c) 1990,1991 by Just Excellent Software, Inc.\════ iii\
(Key) (page)
Enter (Return) Enter.............. 39
Exit Immediately ^Ql................ 40
Exit with Save Alt_X.............. 40
File Beginning ^PgUp.............. 41
File name to cursor Alt_-.............. 41
Page Top ^Home.............. 41
Find Alt_F.............. 41
Find Regular Expression Alt Shift F........ 41
Find Next F5................. 41
Find Previous F6................. 41
Goto Line/Tag F9................. 41
Graphics Mode (Toggle) Alt_G.............. 42
Help (Index) F1................. 42
Hex Mode (Toggle) Alt_H.............. 42
Include File Alt_I.............. 43
Ins/Rpl on Startup not assigned....... 44
Insert Blank Line ^N................. 44
Insert Deleted Line F3................. 44
Insert Deleted Line Segment ^F3................ 44
Insert Deleted Word #Ins............... 44
Join Line ^Qj................ 44
Jump next Window F2................. 44
Jump to File in list Alt_J.............. 44
Left Align in Block ^Al................ 45
Line Beginning Home............... 45
Line End End................ 45
Line Length not assigned....... 45
Lower Case a Block ^Kl................ 46
Macros on\off ^\................. 46
Macro undefine ^_................. 46
Mark Block Alt_B.............. 46
Mark Lines Alt_L.............. 46
Mark Stream ^Kk................ 46
Mark Row and Col 1 & 2 ^F8................ 47
Match Braces F10................ 47
Menu Alt Spacebar....... 48
Menu on/off not assigned....... 48
Merge File Alt_M.............. 48
Move Block ^Km................ 48
Move Window ^F10............... 48
New File Alt_N.............. 49
Next Character Literally ^^................. 49
Next Word ^->................ 50
Open File in this window Alt_O.............. 50
Open Line Alt Num Enter...... 50
Open Window Alt_W.............. 51
Page Bottom ^End............... 51
Page Down PgDn............... 51
Ç\#B7\══ Copyright (c) 1990,1991 by Just Excellent Software, Inc.\════ iv\
(Key) (page)
Page Top ^Home.............. 51
Page Up PgUp............... 51
Paragraph Down #PgDn.............. 51
Paragraph Up #PgUp.............. 51
Paragraph Format not assigned....... 52
Paste Gray Plus.......... 52
Previous Position F8................. 52
Print Block Alt_P.............. 52
Print File Alt_P.............. 52
Quick Save and Exit Alt_Q.............. 53
Record Keystrokes ^F1................ 53
Repeat Character ^R................. 54
Restore Block #Gray Plus......... 55
Restore Line ESC................ 55
Replace Regular Expression Alt Shift R........ 55
Replace String Alt_R.............. 55
Return Word Count ^Qn................ 56
Right Align in Block ^Ar................ 56
Row to center ^5................. 56
Row to bottom ^down.............. 56
Row to top ^up................ 56
Ruler - Horizontal ^Vh................ 57
Ruler - Vertical ^Vv................ 57
Save File As Alt_S.............. 57
Save Options ^F2................ 57
Scroll Down #dn-arrow.......... 58
Scroll Up #up-arrow.......... 58
Scroll Window Left #<-................ 58
Scroll Window Right #->................ 58
Set Tabs ^F7................ 58
Shift Text F7................. 59
Single Space in block ^Kd................ 59
Size Window ^F10............... 60
Sort Lines ^S................. 60
Tab Right TAB................ 60
Tab Left Shift TAB.......... 60
Tag Line Alt_T.............. 61
Tile Windows Alt_Y.............. 61
Time ^D_t............... 61
Insert mode (Toggle) Ins................ 61
Undelete Line F3................. 61
Unix Line endings ^Vu................ 61
Unmark Block Alt_U.............. 61
Upper Case a Block ^Ku................ 61
View File Read Only Alt_V.............. 62
Word Processing on/off ^F6 or F12......... 62
Write Block ^Kw................ 62
Zoom Windows Alt_Z.............. 62
Ç\#B7\══ Copyright (c) 1990,1991 by Just Excellent Software, Inc.════\#P0\
╒══════════════╕
│** About pE **│
╘══════════════╛
*** pE - The Perfect Editor ***
pE is a text editor, designed to facilitate the building
and writing of many types of documents. It is also
designed to allow very easy form construction using the
line drawing characters available in the ASCII character
set of the PC. Documentation of today's modern windowed
programs begins during the definition of what windows
will look like and how users will interact with them.
Using pE, you can more easily document images of screens,
menus, memory areas, and tables of all kinds.
pE's documentation, or word processing mode, allows it to
work like a word processor. i.e. margins may be set,
words wrap at margin boundaries and text is automatically
formatted per a preset paragraph format. Of course, the
paragraph format is user selectable and can be
temporarily overridden to format a paragraph differently
for emphasis. In this mode, deleting characters causes
the text on successive lines to 'close' the gap and
inserting text creates new lines if necessary to keep the
preset paragraph style.
The normal editing environment is referred to as the
Text mode. The word processing mode is referred to as
the Word mode.
Because pE is a full-screen editor, you can edit any
part of the screen, even if there is no text there.
Keying a non blank character anywhere on the screen will
automatically insert any needed blanks in front of the
cursor.
You can tell what mode the Editor is in by looking at the
'status line'. The status line is the very last line on
the screen.
In the center of the status line, (col. 39-44), there are
either blanks or symbols:
meaning symbol
------- ------
1. Modified * = File changed
2. Word/Text W = Word (see word processing)
3. Insert/Replace I = Insert, R = Replace
4. Caps Lock (up-arrow) = Caps Lock ON
5. Num Lock # = Num Lock ON
6. Scroll Lock s = Scroll Lock ON
If the start up mode is Insert, depressing Ins will put
pE into Replace mode, and display an R in col. 40.
Ins toggles pE between Insert and Replace mode. ^F6 or
F12 toggles pE between Word and Text mode.
In insert mode, pE's cursor is normally shaped _.
In replace mode, it is normally ▄. This is user
selectable under Menu Options - Insert/Replace.
Insert:
■ Characters are inserted at the cursor
■ Backspace deletes the character left of the
cursor
■ Enter splits the line at the cursor
■ Tab inserts spaces to the next tab stop
Replace:
■ Characters replace the character at the
cursor
■ Backspace replaces the character left of
the cursor with a space
■ Enter moves cursor to the start of the next
line
■ Tab moves cursor to the next tab stop
The ESC key is used to cancel or end a command. While
editing, it will restore the line to what it looked like
before you began editing that line, as long as the cursor is
in that line.
When in the Help menu or one of its sub-menus, Shift ESC will
escape out of the menu system back to editing the file.
Otherwise Shift Esc inserts the escape character (decimal 27)
into the buffer.
When prompts within pE require a single letter as a
response, for example:
Close? (n/y): or All? (y/n):
the possible choices are given in the parenthesis. The
first of the choices is the default when ENTER is pressed.
ESC is also always acceptable as a response and means you
wish to cancel the proposed action.
With a mouse, the mouse cursor will highlight the default
response so that a click left will select the default.
Moving the mouse to any other letter in the selection
list and clicking left, selects that option. Clicking
right with the mouse is interpreted as ESC.
╒════════════════════╕
│** Block Commands **│
╘════════════════════╛
There are three kinds of blocks in pE. Line blocks (Alt_L),
Column blocks (Alt_B), and Stream Blocks (^kk).
Line Blocks encompass the whole line, both the visible and
invisible (off the screen) portion.
Column Blocks are rectangular areas of the screen (and file)
and are automatically filled with blanks if no other
characters are present.
Stream Blocks are used to cut, move, paste and delete
sentences. They mark from one character in the file to
another character, irrespective of line endings.
Begin and end marking a block with the same character.
With a mouse, click left and drag to mark lines, click right
and drag to mark a block, and click left twice without
moving, to unmark a block. Clicking left and dragging while
holding the Ctrl key down will create a stream block.
Alt_L - mark a block of lines
Alt_B - mark a rectangular block of columns
^kk - mark a stream of characters.
Gray(-) - cut, i.e. from text buffer to scrap
Gray(+) - paste, from scrap to cursor location
Del - delete from text buffer to delete buffer.
Text may be restored from delete buffer with ^Del
or Shift Del.
Shift Gray(-) - delete block from text buffer to PB$$$$.PED
Shift Gray(+) - restore contents of PB$$$$.PED to text
buffer.
With the mouse, the symbols (-) and (+) in the border
mean cut and paste. The Edit menu may also be used.
Alt_U or double left click - un marks the block.
Copy Mark the block, position to where you want the
copy, and press Gray (+) on the numeric key pad.
May be repeated as long as block is marked.
Cut Mark the block, press Gray(-).
Delete Mark the block, press Del.
Paste Position and press Gray(+). Inserts line blocks
above cursor and rectangular blocks horizontally.
Move Mark the block, press ^Km.
Shift Mark the block using Alt_B, press F7.
Move block using arrows,paste with Gray(+).
Align Mark a rectangular block, press ^A and c,r,or l.
Case Mark a rectangular block, press ^K and u or l.
Double Mark a block, press ^Kn. Inserts a blank line in
between every other line. If no block is marked,
from the cursor to the end of the file is double
spaced.
Single Mark a block, press ^Kd. Deletes all blank lines.
As in "Double" above, if no block is marked...
Print Mark a block, press Alt_P.
Replace Alt_R will replace the search text only in marked
block.
Write Mark a block, press ^Kw.
Restore ^Qb inserts the last block written to PB$$$$.PED,
like Shift Grey(+).
A marked block limits the action of the following keys:
Alt_A - align text
Alt_P - print
Alt_R - replace
Gray(-) - cut
Gray(+) - paste
Del - delete
^Ac r or l - align within block, center, right or left
^Ku or l - case, upper and lower
^Kn - double space lines within block
^Kd - single space lines within block
^Kw - write block to filename.
^Km - move block (cut from mark, paste to cursor)
╒═════════════════════╕
│** Cursor Movement **│
╘═════════════════════╛
^ = Control Key also
# = Shift Key also
To move Use Or To Move Use Or
┌─────────────────────────┬───────────────────────────┐
│Up up-arrow │Scroll Up #up-arrow │
│Down dn-arrow │Scroll Down #dn-arrow │
│Left <- │Scroll Left #<- │
│Right -> │Scroll Right #-> │
│Line Start Home │Line End+1 End │
│Left Edge #Home ^W │Right Edge #End ^E │
│Next Word ^-> │Prev Word ^<- │
│Next Tab Tab ^I │Prev Tab #Tab │
│Next Para #PgDn ^Qz │Prev Paragraph #PgUp ^Qw│
│Page Up PgUp │Begin of file ^PgUp │
│Page Down PgDn │End of file ^PgDn │
│Top of page ^Home │Bottom of page ^End │
└─────────────────────────┴───────────────────────────┘
The arrows move the cursor in the direction indicated. The
arrow keys with the shift key depressed cause the cursor to
remain still while the data scrolls in the opposite
direction.
The left and right arrow keys with the control key
depressed are previous word, next word, respectively.
PgUp and PgDn cause the next screen of data to appear in
the up or down direction.
#PgUp (^Qw) and #PgDn (^Qz) move cursor to previous or
next paragraph.
^PgUp and ^PgDn move the cursor to the beginning and end
(first page and last page) of file.
Home moves the cursor to the first non blank character
in the line. If already there, the cursor moves to the
left edge of the window. Shift Home moves to left edge.
^Home goes to row 1, first non_blank character of line.
End moves the cursor past the last character in the
line. If there, the cursor moves to the right edge of
the window. Shift End moves to right edge.
^End causes the cursor to move past the last character
in the bottom row (bottom right of screen).
Enter─┘ (^M) - (REPLACE mode)
moves the cursor down one row to the first
non blank character or the current left margin.
Enter─┘ (^M) - (INSERT mode)
moves the characters to the right of the
cursor down to the next line.
Scroll Lock locks the cursor such that the arrow keys
cause the data to move rather than the cursor.
╒═══════════════════╕
│** Deleting Text **│
╘═══════════════════╛
Single Character. - Del on Numeric Keypad.
The current character (the one over the cursor) is deleted
with Del on the numeric keypad. Any text to the right of
the cursor will move left one character. The cursor will
not move. If there are no characters to the right of the
cursor and the editor is in insert mode, the next line is
joined to the current line.
Previous Character. - Backspace (-)
The Backspace key (-) or ^H will delete the character to
the left of the cursor. If the cursor is at column one, and
the editor is in insert mode, pressing backspace will delete
the previous newline and in effect join the current line to
the previous line. In replace mode, the character to the
left of the cursor is replaced with a blank and characters
will not shift left, only the cursor will move.
Next Word. - ^T or Shift Del.
If the cursor is on a blank, then it and all blanks to the
next non-blank are deleted from the buffer. If on a
non-blank, then it and all characters including blanks are
deleted until the next 'word'. Text is moved to the left
irrespective of Insert/Replace. Shift Ins or ^Qt undelete
the last deleted word.
Previous Word. - ^Backspace.
^Backspace deletes to the left one 'word'. All characters
back to the beginning of the previous word are deleted.
Text moves to the left to follow the cursor. Text to the
left of the left edge (off the screen) is not deleted.
Single Line. - F4 or ^Y.
All lines below move up one line. The line deleted can be
restored with F3 or ^U.
Block of Lines. - Shift Gray(-), on the Numeric Keypad.
A marked block is deleted with Shift Gray(-). The
deleted text is written to PB$$$$.PED from which it can
be recovered with Shift Gray(+) or ^Qb. Note that the
contents of that file are overwritten each time a block
delete occurs, so only the last delete is reversible.
To the End of Line. - ^F4 or ^Qy.
^F4 or ^Qy will delete all characters from the cursor to
the end of the current line. They can be restored
anywhere in the buffer with ^F3 or ^Qi.
To the End of File.
Mark using Alt_L. Type ^PgDn to advance to the end of
the file. Press Shift Gray(-).
File.
Files can be deleted in two ways. Use Alt_D to 'shell'
out to DOS and then Del or Erase filename. Return with
EXIT. The second way is to call the 'file chooser' with
an Alt_E (edit), Alt_O (open), Alt_V (view), or Alt_M
(merge). Any file can be deleted using F4 from the file
chooser. If you then press ESC you can cancel the file
chooser and return to where you were.
╒═══════════════════╕
│** File Commands **│
╘═══════════════════╛
New File. - Alt_N.
New creates a new file in the current window.
At the prompt:
New File:
Enter a new file name. If the file name you enter would
overwrite an existing file, you are warned accordingly.
Open. - Alt_O.
Open is used to open a file in the current window. If
the file currently in the window has been changed you
are prompted:
[filename] Modified. Save? (y/n):
Otherwise, the file chooser pops up for you to select
a file to open.
Edit. - Alt_E.
Edit will first open a new window and then call Open for
you.
To switch between the two windows use F2 or Alt_J.
Merge. - Alt_M.
Copies a file into a text buffer, into the line above the
current cursor row.
Include. - Alt_I.
Examines the line the cursor is in for a file
specification. If one is found (between any set of
delimiters [('"{}"')], then the file spec is used to
first look in the current directory for file, then in
the path specified by the "INCLUDE" environment
variable, and finally in the path specified in the
"PATH" environment variable. If the file is found it is
read in to a new window for editing (if not already
loaded). The file spec may have a line number following
(blank separated). The file will be positioned to that
line (or line 1).
Save - ^Ks
Save unconditionally writes the contents of the window to the
file name specified as the title of the window. No prompts,
it just saves.
Save As. - Alt_S.
Save As provides an opportunity to change the name of the
file before writing it out. The current filename is provided
at the prompt:
Save File:[filename]
The filename can be edited to be any legal DOS file
specification. After the file is written, the window
is left open for further editing of the file.
Print. - Alt_P.
Prints either the entire contents of the file in the
window or the contents of the marked block, if a block is
marked.
View. - Alt_V.
Opens a file for viewing in a read only window. Lines
may be copied out of that window into any other window.
No changes are allowed.
DOS Shell. - Alt_D.
Exits pE temporarily. Loads a copy of COMMAND.COM.
To return to pE type EXIT at DOS's command prompt.
EXit. - Alt_X.
Will advise of modified files allowing you to save or
not. If no files were modified, then an immediate exit
occurs with all windows closed.
Exit Immediately. - ^Ql. ABANDONS ALL CHANGES.
This command will abandon all changes and exit.
NO WARNING IS GIVEN IRRESPECTIVE OF ANY CHANGES MADE!
╒══════════════════════════╕
│** Graphic Key Mappings **│
╘══════════════════════════╛
When Alt_G is pressed, the keyboard is mapped:
q w e r t y u i o p [ ]
┌ ┬ ┐ ╔ ╦ ╗ ╒ ╤ ╕ ╓ ╥ ╖
a s d f g h j k l ; ' +
├ ┼ ┤ ╠ ╬ ╣ ╞ ╪ ╡ ╟ ╫ ╢
z x c v b n m , . / - \
└ ┴ ┘ ╚ ╩ ╝ ╘ ╧ ╛ ╙ ╨ ╜
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
│ ║ ─ ═ █ ▄ ▌ ▐ ▀ ▒
All other characters are as usual.
To return to normal mode, press Alt_G again.
╒═════════════════════╕
│** Automatic Boxes **│
╘═════════════════════╛
Boxes can be drawn by marking a block with Alt_B and then
typing one of the following keys:
Alt_1 Alt_2 Alt_3 Alt_4 Alt_5
┌───┐ ╔═══╗ ╓───╖ ╒═══╕ █▀▀▀█
│ │ ║ ║ ║ ║ │ │ █ █
└───┘ ╚═══╝ ╙───╜ ╘═══╛ █▄▄▄█
Alt_6 Alt_7 Alt_8 Alt_9 Alt_0
+---+ +===+ +++++ ***** Undoes
+ + + + + + * * last box
+---+ +===+ +++++ ***** command
Alt_1 or 2 will draw lines with correct connectors at
junctions. Either mark row or column with Alt_B or place
cursor on top or left edge of a box.
╒═══════════════════════════╕
│** Redefining Box Styles **│
╘═══════════════════════════╛
Pressing Alt Cntrl 6 through Alt Cntrl 9 allows you to
redefine box styles 6 through 9. Subsequently saving options
will save the new box styles. Box styles 1 through 5 cannot
be redefined.
Box characters are stored in an array of characters 8
bytes long. The positions in the array correspond to:
offset 0 = upper left corner 4 = right side
1 = top row 5 = lower left corner
2 = upper right corner 6 = bottom row
3 = left side 7 = bottom right corner
When you press Alt Cntrl 6 the prompt is:
Box Style #6:+-++++-+ +----+
+ +
this produces a box looking like +----+
changing it this way:
Box Style #6:-|+- ----
| +
would produce a box looking like ----
╒══════════════╕
│** Autodraw **│
╘══════════════╛
This feature is very useful for connecting boxes.
Pressing Alt_3 or Alt_4 when no box is marked turns autodraw
on and off. Autodraw assigns the single line character set
(with Alt_3) to the cursor keys. Alt_4 assigns the double
line set. As you move the cursor a line is drawn. When the
line crosses any of the line drawing characters, the correct
connector will be drawn. Reversing direction will replace
the character just drawn with a space. When a corner is
turned, the correct corner character is used.
╒═════════════════════════╕
│** Hexadecimal Editing **│
╘═════════════════════════╛
Editing in Hex mode is accomplished by keying Alt_H after
starting pE or by using the command line switch /h.
If a file is determined to not be a text file, pE will inform
you and provide an opportunity to switch to hex mode. The
prompt:
Restart in Hex Mode, or continue in ASCII? (H/A):
If you press an A (ASCII) then the file is read with blanks
replacing nulls (ASCII 0). No other translation occurs
except that lines are wrapped at column 77. It is NOT
advisable to edit a file in this form, unless you have a very
clear idea of what you want as a result.
In hex mode, you may edit either the hex numbers or the ASCII
characters. pE will automatically make the appropriate
adjustments. To get from one portion of the display to the
other use TAB and BACKTAB.
You may not add or delete data to a hexadecimal edit.
The editing mode is set (locked) into replace mode. It
is possible to edit in Hex in one window and ASCII in
another.
The hex edit window may not be sized or moved.
Tiling is disabled while any window contains a hex edit.
╒══════════════════╕
│** Key Mappings **│
╘══════════════════╛
Alternate Keys
Alt_A - Align Paragraph Alt_N - Name File
Alt_B - Block Mark (cols) Alt_O - Open File
Alt_C - Command Alt_P - Print File
Alt_D - Shell to DOS Alt_Q - Quick exit
Alt_E - Edit File Alt_R - Replace String
Alt_F - Find String Alt_S - Save File As
Alt_G - Graphics Toggle Alt_T - Tag Line
Alt_H - Hex Mode Toggle Alt_U - Unmark Block
Alt_I - Include File Alt_V - View File Read Only
Alt_J - Jump to File Alt_W - Open Window
Alt_K - Close Window Alt_X - Exit
Alt_L - Line Mark Alt_Y - Tile Windows
Alt_M - Merge File Alt_Z - Zoom Windows
Alt + spacebar - MENU
Alt_1 - Alt_9 - draw boxes when block is marked.
Alt Shift 6 - Alt Shift 9 redefine those box styles.
Alt_1, Alt_2 - draw single, double lines in boxes.
Alt_3, Alt_4 - turns cursor into autodraw single, double.
Alt Shift A - aligns paragraph with confirm.
Alt Shift F - defines a regular expression
Alt Shift R - Uses regular expression for replace string
Numeric Key Pad # = shift
Home - Line Beginning End - Line End
#Home - Left Edge #End - Right Edge
^Home - Page Top ^End - Page Bottom
up - Character Up PgUp - Page Up
#up - Scroll Up #PgUp - Paragraph Up
dn - Character Down ^PgUp - File Beginning
#dn - Scroll Down PgDn - Page Down
<- - Character Left #PgDn - Paragraph Down
#<- - Scroll Left ^PgDn - File End
^<- - Previous Word Ins - Toggle Insert Mode
-> - Character Right #Ins - Insert Deleted Word
#-> - Scroll Right Del - Delete Character
^-> - Next Word #Del - Delete Word
(minus)- Cut (plus)- Paste, Copy
#(minus) Del #(plus) Restore Delete
Function Keys
F1 - Help ^F1 - Begin/End Macro define
F2 - Jump next Window ^F2 - Save Options
F3 - Insert Deleted Line ^F3 - Insert Deleted Segment
F4 - Delete Line ^F4 - Delete to end of Line
F5 - Find Next ^F5 - Toggle case sensitivity
F6 - Find Previous ^F6 - Set Word Process
F7 - Shift Text ^F7 - Set Tab options
F8 - Goto prev row/col ^F8 - Mark row/col 1 & 2
F9 - Goto Line/Tag ^F9 - Size Window
F10 - Match Braces ^F10 - Move Window
F11 - Dos Window
F12 - Set Word Process
Shift and Alternate F1 - F10 are not defined.
Control Keys
^A - Align text ^N - Insert new line
^B - (filled happy) ^O - (sunburst char)
^C - Calculator ^P - (right arrow point)
^D - Date (^dd) Time (^dt) ^Q - Miscellaneous
^E - East edge of screen ^R - Repeat Character
^F - (club) ^S - Sort according to block
^G - (delete char) ^T - Delete Word
^H - Backspace (BS) ^U - Undelete Line
^I - Tab Right ^V - Rulers v & h, Ascii chart
^J - (new line) ^W - West edge
^K - Block ^X - up-arrow
^L - (top of form) ^Y - Delete Line
^M - ENTER ^Z - (end_of_file)
^Ac - Center Text in Block ^^ followed by any control
^Al - Left Align in Block character inserts that
^Ar - Right Align in Block control character.
^Kd - Delete Blank Lines ^Vv - Vertical Ruler
^Kn - Insert Blank Lines ^Vh - Horizontal Ruler
^Kl - Block To Lower Case ^Vu - Toggle Unix
^Ku - Block To Upper Case ^Va - Ascii Chart
^Km - Move Marked Block ^Vx - Toggle Display lines
^Kk - Mark Stream Block
^Ks - Save current file
^Qb - Restore Block ^Qw - Paragraph Up
^Qi - Insert Del Line ^Qx - Page Bottom
^Qj - Join Line ^Qy - Delete to end of line
^Qn - Return Word Count ^Qz - Paragraph Down
^Qt - Insert Deleted Word ^Ql - Exit Immediately - NO SAVE
^Qu - Duplicate Line ^BS - Delete Previous word
╒════════════╕
│** Macros **│
╘════════════╛
Macros are multiple keystrokes represented by one key.
The process of creating a Macro is called 'recording'.
To begin (and end) recording use ^F1.
As you type, the keystrokes appear in a special window.
The only editing available while recording is Control
Backspace. This will allow you to delete the last
character typed. Macros are restricted to 255
keystrokes. When you have finished recording, type ^F1.
pE will prompt:
Press the key you wish to assign this macro or ESC to
cancel.
Type the key you wish to assign to this macro (or ESC).
Any macro currently in effect is saved when options are
saved. ^F2 saves all user selectable options in a file
called ENV.PED. Whenever pE is started in the same
directory, any saved macros will be available. Macros
are executed by keying the assigned key. Macros may call
other macros, - even themselves! To 'kill' a macro that
is in a loop, use ESC.
Macros may be deactivated (turned off) temporarily by
pressing ^\ (control back slash). Pressing ^\ a second
time reactivates them.
When a macro is executed in a loop, each line is processed
from the current cursor location until either an error occurs
or the last line is reached or the end of a block is reached.
╒═════════════╕
│** Options **│
╘═════════════╛
Saving Options.
^F2 - saves all settings and recorded macros to ENV.PED,
either in the local (current) directory or the 'master'
directory.
Recording Macros.
^F1 - see Help subject Macros. Macros are sequences of
keystrokes represented by one key. ^F1 is used both to
start and end the recording process.
Setting Margins.
^F6 - Both Right and Left Margins may be set. Word wrap
occurs at the right margin. The default (and maximum)
value of right margin is 1023. The left margin normally
"floats", i.e. assumes the value of the preceding line.
This effect is obtained with a left margin of 0, the
default. You may set the left margin to any value
greater than 1 and less than the right edge of the
screen. Setting the left margin causes the cursor to
return to that column on ENTER.
Setting Tabs.
^F7 - Sets Tab stops, Detab Increment and whether tabs
replace blanks on output. The row in which the cursor
resides is replaced with a line of ....T....T. The t's
represent tab stops. You may edit this line using
normal editing commands. The only character affecting
tab stops are t's (or T's). All other characters are
ignored. You may cancel, (ESC) without changes, or
ENTER to preserve changes.
If ENTER is pressed, the next prompt will ask what the
Detab Increment should be. The default is 8. The only
reason to change this value is to cause a lessor or
greater expansion of tabs into blanks on input. Most
word processors and text editors use 8 spaces per tab on
output and input.
The final prompt in setting tabs: "Do you want blanks
replaced with tab characters on output?" requires a yes
or no with the default being yes. If you intend to use
a file output from pE, as input into a program that
cannot deal with tabs, choose No, else choose Yes.
Choosing No means blanks will NOT be replaced with tabs
in the output file, making your output file slightly
larger.
Borders On or Off.
Turns borders on or off. If you're using a mouse and
you turn borders off, the rightmost edge of your window
becomes the scroll region. The cut, paste, zoom and
horizontal scroll arrows are invisible and consequently
useless. Borders off provides 2 more columns and 1 more
row. Border are also very useful when editing multiple
window on one screen in monochrome.
Menu On or Off.
Turns menu display on or off. Menus are always
available by either pressing alt space or by clicking
right in the first row of the screen. Turning menus off
provides one extra line in the window.
Setting Colors.
A window appears with all possible colors displayable in text
mode. Within this window, smaller windows appear which act
as examples of the curent color choice. The Tab key (or
mouse left click) is used to select what item is being
changed. When all windows appear as you wish pressing enter
returns to the text window. You must save options to make
the color change permanent.
Setting Backup Path.
When a file is saved to an existing filename, pE will
save the contents of the preexisting file to the
directory specified in Backup Path. If the value of
Backup path is Null, then this action is suppressed. No
change is made to the filename.
Setting Insert/Replace on Startup.
(See About pE for discussion of insert vs replace).
This option sets the 'mode' in which pE will operate
most of the time. Selecting I (for insert) will mean
that when pE becomes active, Insert mode will be the
operating mode. The cursor will be thin and pressing
the Ins key will place the editor in Replace mode.
Selecting an R (for replace) means that Replace mode
will be the operating mode and pressing Ins will cause
pE to go into Insert mode.
Setting Paragraph Style.
Paragraph style refers to how you wish the alignment of
paragraphs to proceed. In order to align (or justify) a
paragraph, we need to know where you would like the left
margin, the right margin, how many columns to indent the
first line and what type of justification you desire.
This option allows you to set each of these variables.
The margin referred to in paragraph style can be
different than the left and right margin assigned under
Option menu item Margins. - see topic Word Processing
for additional information.
Setting Display Lines.
This menu item is suppressed for systems without an EGA
or VGA Adapter. Selecting this option will cause pE
to select 43 lines(EGA) or 50 lines(VGA) when initiated.
If DOS is currently in 43/50 line mode, pE will
operate in that mode without changing anything. While
pE will change modes to 43/50 lines if needed, it
will NOT change modes to 25 lines if DOS is in 43/50
line mode.
Setting Maximum Line Length.
The default maximum line length accommodated by pE is 511
characters. If you wish, you may set the line length to
a value less than this, or greater up to a max of 1023. The
advantage of setting the line length is that once set, pE
will not allow characters to be entered past that point.
Also, pressing end will go to the end of the line or the
maximum line length, whichever is shorter.
╒═══════════════╕
│** Scrolling **│
╘═══════════════╛
Scrolling enables the movement of data into and out of one of
pE'S windows. By this means, all of the document being
edited can be seen and acted upon.
Scrolling occurs automatically when the cursor is located in
the top row and an up arrow is pressed or in the bottom row
and a down arrow is pressed. Similarly if the cursor is in
column 80 (or the last physical column) of the window, and a
cursor right is pressed, data is scrolled to the left. If
the cursor is in column 1 (or the left most edge of the
window) and a cursor left is pressed, data is scrolled to the
right. The above can be depicted graphically by:
Text above
╔═════════╗
║ up ║
║<- ->║
║ dn ║
╚═════════╝
Text below
Pressing an up arrow would cause "Text above" to appear
in the window...etc.
Scrolling can also be accomplished by first pressing
'Scroll Lock' and then pressing an arrow key. Pressing
'Scroll Lock' again 'releases' the cursor.
Holding the shift key down while pressing the arrow keys
on the numeric keypad, causes the data to scroll in the
opposite direction to the arrow depressed.
For mouse lovers, the upper right hand corner and lower
left hand corner have scroll 'gadgets' (if there is a
border). Clicking left on the symbol causes data to
scroll up/left for the left button and down/right for the
right button.
╒════════════════════════════════╕
│** Finding and Replacing Text **│
╘════════════════════════════════╛
Finding Text - see also ** Regular Expressions **
Search (or Find) is accomplished by keying Alt_F. The
prompt:
Find String:
appears on the status line. Key in the text you wish to
search for.
If you end with an ENTER or down_arrow, pE will begin
the search from the current cursor position and proceed
to the end of the file. If a string matching the 'find
string' is found, it is highlighted and the screen is
repainted with the string found being near the middle
row of the screen. The screen is only repainted when
the found string is off the current page. To find the
next occurrence press F5 to continue the 'downward'
search or F6 to reverse direction.
If, when you key in the find string, you finish with an
up_arrow, the direction of search is set to backward and
the scan proceeds towards the 'top' of the file. If the
string is not found, a message appears in the middle of
the screen informing you that the search string was not
found.
Text can be searched for either by ignoring case or by
being case specific. Which of these will pertain is
determined by pressing ^F5. pE defaults to case
insensitive searches. To locate a case specific string
press ^F5. This key acts as a toggle (on/off) so
pressing it once more causes the case insensitivity to
return.
Matching Braces, Parends, Brackets.
pE has the ability to search for matching braces,
parends or brackets '{([])}'. Place the cursor on any of
those characters and press F10. If the character is an
opening one, then the search is forward through the
file. When a match is found, it is highlighted and the
file is positioned to display the character, if
necessary. If the character is a closing one, the
search direction is toward the beginning of the file.
If no match is found, a message is written to the status
line so indicating. If the cursor is not on a brace,
parend or bracket when F10 is pressed, a message window
pops up.
Replacing Text.
Summary. - (For you impatient types)
Press Alt_R and key in the string to search for
(string1), ENTER, the string to replace it with
(string2), and whether or not to replace all occurrences
or not. UNDO a block replace with Alt_0 and cancel the
operation with ESCAPE.
Detail.
Keying Alt_R (Replace) causes
Replace "
to appear on the status line. Key in the text to search
for, followed by ENTER. The closing quote followed by
the word 'With' and a quote will appear immediately
following the replace string.
Replace "string1" With "
Enter the text you wish substituted for the search
string, again follow with ENTER. The prompt: 'All?
(y/n):' asks if you wish to change all occurrences, or
to be selective.
Replace "string1" With "string2" All?
Answering y (yes) to All? will replace all occurrences
of string1 with string2. String2 may be NULL, in which
case string1 is deleted wherever found.
Answering n (no) scans forward looking for the next
occurrence of string1. Upon finding it, pE
highlights the string and asks:
O.K.? (y/n/all):
'Y' replaces the string and restarts the scan,
'N' continues to the next occurrence, and
'A' replaces the current, and all subsequent,
occurrences.
At any time you may press ESC to cancel this command.
Note that string1 is searched for according to the
current case sensitivity setting (default is OFF).
The scope of the command is from the current cursor
location to the bottom of the file, unless a block is
marked.
A marked block (either type), limits the search and
replace operation to the block.
A block search and replace may be undone with Alt_0
(zero).
╒═════════════════════════╕
│** Regular Expressions **│
╘═════════════════════════╛
pE also has the ability to search and replace using
"Regular Expressions".
To enable regular expressions use Alt Shift F or R.
Pressing Alt Shift F or R a second time returns you to
normal (non-regular expression) search and replace.
Regular expressions allow you to search for non explicit
patterns. Because the search is more complex, it takes
somewhat longer so the normally regular expressions are
off. You can tell by the string Find REG EXP: or Replace
REG EXP when you invoke find or replace.
A regular expression can match many different strings at
the same time. Example: a[123] would match the letter a
followed by a 1, 2 or 3 i.e. a1, a2, a3.
Regular expressions have their own syntax. Special
characters include:
\ - Backslash quotes the next character. \$ matches a
dollar sign. \\ matches a backslash.
^ - Circumflex at the beginning of an expression
matches the beginning of the line.
$ - Dollar sign matches the end of a line, including a
new line character.
* - Matches zero or more of any character.
? - Matches one of any character. (a?e is matched by
are, ate, abe, ace...
:a - Matches any of a class a = alphabetic (a-zA-Z)
:d - decimal digits (0-9)
:n - alphanumeric (a-zA-Z0-9)
:w - white space, blanks, tabs, and control characters
@ - Matches zero or more occurrences of the preceding
expression.
+ - Matches one or more occurances of preceding
expression.
- - Optionally matches the preceding expression.
[] - A string enclosed in square brackets matches any
[~] - character in the string, but no others. If the
first character is a ~, the expression matches any
character NOT in the string. A range may be
specified by two characters separated by '-'.
Note that [a-z] matches any alphabetic but [z-a]
never matches.
.±d - Dot followed by a '+' or '-' 1 to 9 causes the
cursor to be positioned to that offset from the
start of the found string.
.c Dot followed by a character causes cursor to be
positioned to that character after the start of
pattern. If the character is not found, the
cursor is positioned to the beginning character of
the pattern.
. Dot by itself means position to the end of the
pattern.
With respect to the dot operator note that each
successive Find or replace adds(subtracts) one to
the current cursor location. It is possible to
continuously find the same pattern if you have
applied an opposite displacement.
NOTE that the dot operator is ignored on replace
operations.
All other characters are taken as is.
Examples:
Find REG EXP:hello
Will find the string hello (only). Much faster
to use just 'Find'
Find REG EXP:\.$
Will find period (.) only at end of lines.
Find REG EXP:^$
Will find only blank lines. (lines that start
and end on the same character).
Find REG EXP:^[a-z]+:w@*([~;]@)[~;]@$
Will find function declarations in the 'C'
language.
Interpret as follows:
Find any alphabetic character (one or
more occurances at the beginning of a
line (^[a-z]+) followed by
Zero or more occurrences of white
space (:w@) followed by
Any number of any characters (*)
followed by
Left parend (() followed by
Zero or more occurrences of any character
but a semicolon ([~;]@) followed by
Right parend ()) followed by
Zero or more occurrences of any character
but a semicolon ([~;]@) followed by
End of line ($).
╒══════════╕
│** Tabs **│
╘══════════╛
Tab and Shift Tab.
The effect of pressing tab depends on pE's cursor
mode.
In Insert mode, spaces are inserted to the next tab
stop. Backtab removes spaces back to the previous tab
stop.
In replace mode, tab advances the cursor to the next
'tab stop', backtab moves the cursor to the previous
'tab stop'.
If a block is marked, and at least part of it is
visible, the action of the tab and backtab key is
applied to each line in the block.
A very handy way to shift the block one tab stop in
either direction is to mark the block, press Home (to
move cursor to first non blank character) and press tab
(or backtab).
Setting Tabs.
^F7 - Sets Tab stops, Detab Increment and whether tabs
replace blanks on output. The row in which the cursor
resides is replaced with a line of ....T....T. The t's
represent tab stops. You may edit this line using
normal editing commands. The only character affecting
tab stops are t's (or T's). All other characters are
ignored. You may cancel, (ESC) without changes, or
ENTER to preserve changes.
If ENTER is pressed, the next prompt will ask what the
Detab Increment should be. The default is 8. The only
reason to change this value is to cause a lessor or
greater expansion of tabs into blanks on input. Most
word processors and text editors use 8 spaces per tab on
output and input.
The final prompt in setting tabs: "Do you want blanks
replaced with tab characters on output?" requires a yes
or no with the default being yes. If you intend to use
a file output from pE, as input into a program that
cannot deal with tabs, choose No, else choose Yes.
Choosing No means blanks will NOT be replaced with tabs
in the output file, making your output file slightly
larger.
Saving Tab Settings.
Tab stops, detab increment, and tabs for blanks are saved as
part of ENV.PED when ^F2 (save options) is pressed.
╒══════════════╕
│** Viewport **│
╘══════════════╛
Viewports (Windows)
Windows are areas of the screen through which data are viewed
and edited. Windows may have borders, or they may not.
Windows can each have a unique color (on a color monitor) or
shade (in monochrome). Windows may be opened, closed, moved,
sized, tiled, zoomed and 'jumped to'. Windows may occupy the
entire screen (except for the 'status line') or any part of
the screen. A window's smallest number of columns depends on
its title (name) in that it cannot be sized smaller in the x
dimension than the number of characters in its title + 4.
It's smallest dimension in the y direction is 6 rows. In pE,
windows may overlap one another, or be 'tiled'. Up to 20
windows may be open simultaneously.
With Mouse.
If a mouse is being used, it is recommended that borders be
left on, as there are useful 'gadgets' contained in the
border which disappear if borders are removed. These gadgets
include horizontal and vertical scroll characters, a 'thumb'
for positioning in the file, cut, paste and zoom characters,
re-size (lower right corner), close (upper left corner), and
move (title bar).
Active Window.
A window is said to be active when the cursor is visible
within it, and when any keyboard activity affects that
window. Active windows have a double line border, if any,
and the window title (name) is in reverse video to the border
color. Inactive windows have a single line border, with the
window's title the same color as the border.
DOS Window.
A special window, called the DOS window, always contains the
appearance of the screen prior to invoking pE, or after
exiting the DOS command from within pE. The data in this
window may be edited, written to disk or be used to cut and
paste into any other window. After a compile, it is very
useful to cause this window to appear and to reference it
while you correct any syntax errors in another window.
Window Name.
The name of a Window reflects it's contents. The name
NO_NAME is given whenever the user has not explicitly
put anything in the window or given the window a name
through the New File (Alt_N) command. The name of a
window is displayed in the center or the top row.
Open Window.
Alt_W opens a new window. It's name is NO_NAME and it
is always opened to the maximum size available. It's
number is one greater than the window in which the
command was issued. Up to 20 windows may be opened
simultaneously.
Close Window.
Alt_K closes a window. If any changes have been made to
the window's contents, the user is warned. If the window
closed is the last window, pE asks if you wish to exit to
DOS. If a window is empty, read_only, or contains data not
changed, it is closed immediately, and focus shifts to the
window opened before it.
Jump to Window.
F2 is the jump key. It causes pE to 'jump' to the
next window in succession each time it is pressed. If
there are no more windows, pressing F2 has no effect.
Pressing Alt_J presents a menu of all windows, for you to
select which window you wish to 'go' to. This menu
operates as all pE menus, i.e. the highlight is moved
with either the arrow keys, HOME, END or by pressing an
alphabetic key. ENTER then confirms your selection.
When using a mouse, moving the mouse onto an inactive
window and clicking left will in effect 'jump' to that
window. A window must have some portion of itself in
view for this to work.
Tile Windows.
Alt_Y will arrange any (and all) open windows such that
they occupy equal portions of the screen. The screen is
evenly divided so that up to 4 windows can be viewed
simultaneously. If there are more than 4 windows, the
rest are overlaid. With 2 or 3 windows, repeated
presses of Alt_Y will arrange the windows first
horizontally and then vertically. If there is only one
window, Alt_Y has no effect.
Zooming Windows.
Zooming refers to expanding (or contracting) a window
between two different sizes. Alt_Z will accomplish this
change in size. In order for a window to respond to
zooming it must have an alternative size. This can be
accomplished either by sizing the window, or by tiling.
Sizing Windows.
This is easiest with the mouse. Click left on the bottom
right hand corner of the border and while holding the
left mouse button down, move the mouse to where you wish
the new bottom right hand corner to be.
^F9 followed by the use of the arrow keys accomplishes
exactly the same thing. When you're using the keyboard
you must end the size operation with ESC. With the
mouse, releasing the left mouse button ends the size.
Moving Windows.
A window can only be moved if it is smaller than the
full screen.
With the mouse, grab the title bar by pressing
with the left mouse button and, keeping it depressed,
move where you wish the position to be.
^F10 followed by the use of the arrow keys also will
move the window. You must end a move with either ESC or
by releasing the mouse button.
Ruler Windows.
Two special windows, called the rulers, can overlay the
active window and be moved about by the same mechanism
described under moving windows above.
^Vv puts a vertical ruler on the screen at the cursor
location. It can be moved to any part of the screen
using either the arrow keys or the mouse. It will stay
on the screen until either ESC is pressed or the left
mouse button is released.
^Vh places a horizontal ruler on the screen in a
similar fashion. These windows can actually be moved
off the screen and will wrap around to provide the most
use.
╒═════════════════════╕
│** Word Processing **│
╘═════════════════════╛
Word Processing mode is selected using ^F6 or F12. When
active, Word mode is signified by the presence of a W in
the status line (col 40). If options are saved while
Word mode is active, pE will save that status and will
always start in Word Mode. You may want to do that in a
separate 'documentation' directory.
pE Word Mode.
■ Left margin, right margin and paragraph indent
level may all be set.
See MENU, OPTIONS, Paragraph style.
■ Word wrap occurs at the right margin setting.
■ Automatic reformatting is done as you type.
■ Inserting characters causes text to 'flow' onto
the next line.
■ Deleting characters causes text to 'flow' back
from the next line.
■ Reformat may be forced at any time by pressing
Alt_A or Alt Shift A.
■ Most useful when your typing or editing free
flowing text.
pE Text Mode.
■ Word wrap will occur when maximum line length
is less than the width of the screen.
■ No Automatic reformatting is done when delete or
backspace are used. Reformatting may be
accomplished manually by pressing Alt_A or Alt
Shift A.
■ Left margin 'floats'. It assumes the value of the
offset of the first non blank character of the
preceding line, (or zero).
■ When the cursor is in the last column of a window,
the screen will shift allowing lines to be typed
out to the maximum line length. (default is 511).
■ Most useful when entering code, tables or text
which must be formatted uniquely.
╒═══════════════════════════╕
│** Command Line Switches **│
╘═══════════════════════════╛
Usage: s [switches] [filespec] [lineno]
/h - display in Hexadecimal Format.
/s - slow screen write (stops snow).
/c - inverse of /s.
/u - unix format on output (lf only).
/z - end output file with control_z.
/fn - sound frequency in cycles/sec.
/dn - duration of beep in milliseconds.
/bn - background character
/rn - number of ranks
/k - full block (inverse) as cursor
/n - leave numlock and capslock set
/pn - pass n records before starting to load
filespec - fully qualified filename (*.*).
lineno - a line number to position to on open
/vn - scroll speed delay (n) default is [/v20]
Command line switches may be upper or lower case.
They may be preceded by / or -.
All switches must be presented before a filespec.
Filespec must be before a line number, if present.
Switches /fn /dn /s and /c are saved in ENV.PED if
options are saved.
/h.
H for Hexadecimal. Using this switch will cause pE to
read and format the filespec for a hexadecimal edit.
/s. /c.
S for Snow. If you have one of the early style CGA's and
the screen is 'snowy', use this flag. (once is enough)
C clears the snow flag. This would be used once you changed
your adapter or if you made a mistake and used /s. (again,
once is enough)
Both /S and /C force a save of your options. It is suggested
that these options be used in the pE directory, when you
first install pE, or when your equipment changes.
/u.
U is for UNIX. The MS_DOS line ending convention is a CRLF
sequence (hex 0D0A). UNIX uses a LINE FEED (hex 0A). pE
doesn't care which way lines end. Most other editors and
word processors on MS_DOS machines care very much. If your
PC is networked to a UNIX machine and you need to read a UNIX
(ASCII) file, go right ahead. If you need to write it back,
use this switch.
/z.
Z is for ^z. (control z). Early versions of MS_DOS relied
on ^z to end a text file. If you wish to write a file which
can be read on pre DOS 2.0 version machines, then use /z.
/fn and /dn.
F is for Frequency and D is for Duration.
There are a few places in pE that beep. Pressing an
undefined key is one of them. If you don't care for the
sound of the default beep (f = 262, d = 30), change ahead.
Note that setting a duration of 0 will totally silence pE.
/bn
B is for background character. The 'n' is a decimal ASCII
value for the character you wish to fill the background in.
The default is ASCII 176 '░'; other choices might be ASCII
177 '▒' or 178 '▓' or 32 (space).
/rn
R is for rank (column). The 'n' is the number of columns you
want displayed in the file chooser. The default is 3 and the
range of values is 1 to 5.
/vn
V is for Video scroll. For those who really want a smooth
scroll with the mouse, the n can be varied. As n decreases,
scrolling speed increases. The default of 20 works well on
PARADISE cards, other adapters may need different values for
a smooth mouse scroll.
╒═══════════════════════════════╕
│** Modifying Key Assignments **│
╘═══════════════════════════════╛
Amongst the files installed in sub-directory pE are two
files, KEY.PED and KEY.TXT. The file KEY.PED is a binary
version of KEY.TXT. It is also the virtual keyboard
definition table. pE cannot run without it.
In order to effect key assignment changes, the following
procedure should be followed:
a. Make a backup of key.ped.
b. Make a backup of key.txt.
c. Make whatever changes you wish to key.txt.
d. Run the program PK.EXE.
pk [\path]
Path is the subdirectory where key.ped will
be placed. The default is the current directory.
e. Test your changes by executing pE.
KEY.TXT is an ASCII file interpreted by PK.EXE:
1. A ; (semi-colon) starts a comment. Comments and blank
lines are skipped.
2. Any single character, except space, tab and ;, stands
for itself.
3. The names in column one are read in to represent
key names, interpreted below:
f1 - means function key F1
^f1 - means control key and F1 depressed
#f1 - means shift key and F1 depressed
@f1 - means alt key and F1
4. The names in column two are function names. Case is not
important, but spelling IS.
5. Multiple keystrokes can be assigned a given function.
ex: ^k_m means control k followed by m
6. A function may have more than one key sequence
assigned, but any given key sequence may not refer to
more than one function.
pE is normally supplied with a standard key.txt as well as a
Wordstar compatible key definition file (ws.txt and ws.ped).
In order to use them, rename ws.txt to key.txt and ws.ped to
key.ped (saving the original key.txt and key.ped (if you
want).
╒═══════════════════════╕
│** Command Reference **│
╘═══════════════════════╛
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Abandon Action ESC
Cancel a proposed command with ESC. Any changes made to
an edit line prior to a shift of focus from that line
are undone when ESC is pressed. The cursor is restored
to the position it had prior to that edit step being
performed.
This command will also terminate an errant macro.
When editing text, pressing shift ESC is a handy way to
insert an actual ESCAPE character into the buffer. It
is a single key short cut instead of pressing ^^
followed by ^[. Escape characters (decimal 27) are used
by printers to cause some action (like turn on bold,
etc),
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
ASCII Chart ^Va
This command provides a window containing all 256 ASCII
characters defined for the IBM PC. As the window is sized,
the chart reorganizes itself to conform to the window size
(as much as possible) so as to eliminate or minimize
scrolling. Moving the cursor (either by key or mouse) to any
character, displays the character and its value in decimal
and Hex in the lower left corner of the screen. This chart
is in a normal pE window so it may be sized, moved, overlayed
or tiled.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Align Paragraph Alt_A
Align Paragraph (prompt) Alt shift A
When pressed, align paragraph will reformat a paragraph
dependant on the current paragraph format style. If
word processing is turned on, automatic reformatting
occurs continuously.
When the control key is pressed along with Alt and A, the
current paragraph parameters are presented to the user
on the status line. By pressing y (for yes) the
reformat is done using those parameters; by pressing C
(change), the existing parameters can be temporarily
overridden for this reformat only. This is handy when
you wish to indent some paragraph for emphasis and to
return to the original settings.
Align Paragraph is block sensitive. If a block is
defined, its action is local to the block. If the block
type is RECT (rectangular) then the left and right
margin is taken from the outline of the block. This
only affects the paragraphs located in the defined block
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Autodraw single on/off Alt_3
Autodraw double on/off Alt_4
Autodraw turns your cursor keys into line drawing keys.
As indicated Alt 3 will allow a single line to be drawn
while Alt 4 causes a double line to be drawn. As you
change direction the correct corner characters are
joined to the line and as you cross any of the line
drawing characters the correct intersections are used.
Alt 3 and 4 are toggles.
NOTE: A block must not be currently defined to use this
feature. i.e. must not be highlighted.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Auto Tab not assigned
Auto tab automatically tabs one tab stop any time an open
brace is the last character before an enter is pressed.
The effect is as follows {
we start here next
and continue
} (pressed shift tab here)
else
{ (pressed enter here)
we go to here
and continue
Nothing in particular happens with the close brace.
This effect can be turned on or off by choosing from the
OPTION menu, Auto_Tab.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Backspace Backspace
In Insert mode, the backspace key causes all characters
on the line to the right to shift one position left. If
the cursor is in column one (and the screen is not
shifted), backspace will 'backspace' up to the previous
line, effectively joining the current line to the line
above.
In Replace mode, backspace replaces the character to the
left of the cursor with a space.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Backtab Shift Tab
In Insert mode, backtab will remove spaces back to the
previous tab position. It will never delete non spaces,
however.
In Replace mode it positions the cursor to the previous
tab stop.
When a block is marked in the current window, and any
part of it is visible, backtab will position all lines
within that block back one tab stop. Very handy for
moving a 'block' one tab stop backward.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Backup Path not assigned
Backup path refers to the path used to backup files when
saving. The normal action of pE is to never overwrite
an existing file with its changed counterpart. Instead
the existing file is moved to the location specified in
backup path. The backup path is set from menu option
OPTION, backup.
If made null, (no backup path), then no backup is done.
NOTE that sometimes you wish you hadn't changed a thing
AFTER you already saved the changes. With backup, its a
very simple matter to restore the file the way it was.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Borders on/off not assigned
Borders may be turned off by selecting this option from
the menu OPTION borders.
NOTE - it is not a good idea to turn borders off if
you're using a mouse. The gadgets (scroll, zoom, cut and
paste disappear.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Box style 1 - single Alt_1
Box style 2 - double Alt_2
Box style 3 - two down Alt_3
Box style 4 - two across Alt_4
Box style 5 - thick line Alt_5
Box style 6 - +-++++-+ Alt_6
Box style 7 - +=+==+=+ Alt_7
Box style 8 - ++++++++ Alt_8
Box style 9 - ******** Alt_9
Once a block of type RECT (columns) is defined, any of
these box styles may be chosen to draw the box. Holding
the control key while pressing Alt 6 - 9 allows you to
redefine the ascii box characters, so that any style box
may be drawn.
The sequence of characters in the line drawing set is:
left corner, top, right corner, left side, right side,
bottom left, bottom, bottom right.
-|!=* would produce a box like:
---
| !
| !
===*
kind of ugly, but we hope it makes the point.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Block Undo Alt_0
Marking a group of lines with either kind of block mark
allows you to subsequently use Alt 0 (zero) to undo any
block action, including replace all. This can be very
comforting if you're about to replace all using a regular
expression. It is also very useful in undrawing lines or
boxes.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Calculator ^C
Calculator Result Alt_=
The calculator pE provides is a full capability
calculator. It provides multi precision, floating point
as well as integer arithmetic in hex, decimal, binary or
octal. It has a memory function, can be moved around the
screen and does date arithmetic. Its result register is
manifested in Alt = so the result of a computation can be
pasted into your current text. Try it, you'll like it.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Case Sensitivity (Toggle) ^F5
Normally case sensitivity is not desirable in a search.
Sometimes it is. When it is push ^F5 and your search
string will be match exactly as you type them.
Pressing it twice gets you back to where you started.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Center Text in Block ^Ac
In word processing mode, this command will center a
paragraph between the left and right margins. If a block
is marked, then all the lines in the block will be
centered.
In text mode only the current line is centered unless a
block is marked, in which case all the lines in the block
are centered. Centering is done between the left and
right edge of the window, irrespective of any margins.
This command is meant to be invoked AFTER you've typed
the text, not as you type.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Character Down dn-arrow
Character Left <-
Character Right ->
Character Up up-arrow
The arrow keys work pretty much the way you'd hope. The
cursor moves in the direction specified.
If the shift key is also depressed, then the data scrolls
on the screen instead of the cursor moving.
This also is the case if scroll lock is engaged.
Note that the shift action described only works with the
arrow keys on the numeric keypad, not the extra arrow
keys found on 101 key keyboards.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Close Window Alt_K
Close window is used to close a window you are no longer
interested in. If the window is the only one open, pE
exits to DOS. If pE senses a change in the contents of
the window without a save, it warns you by asking if it
should discard changes to the contents.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Command Alt_C
The Command key will produce a menu of all commands pE
currently knows about with their current key assignments.
Any command can be executed by simply selecting and pressing
ENTER or clicking the left mouse button. Note that a
significant amount of memory (4K or so) is needed to hold
all the names and once invoked, the memory is NOT returned.
This may or may not be a problem.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Copy Marked Block Gray Plus
A marked block may be copied without effect on the paste
buffer by positioning the cursor where you wish to copy
and pressing the paste key. Copies will continue to be
made as long as the block continues to be marked.
The marked block may be in a different window.
Clicking both mouse buttons is a short cut for paste.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Cut Gray Minus
The process of removing text from the buffer and
inserting it into what is known as the paste (scrap)
buffer is known as a cut. It is very easy to do.
Mark a section of your file with either Alt L (lines) or Alt
B (column Block) or ^Kk (stream block). In using the mouse
press the left button and holding it drag the mouse to the
end of the lines you wish to mark lines. The same action
with the Ctrl key depressed marks a stream block. Doing the
same with the right mouse button marks a column block.
Letting up on the mouse button ends the mark. Similarly
pressing either Alt L, B or ^Kk again ends the mark.
Once marked, pressing the gray (-) on the numeric keypad
will effect the cut. The text is removed from the main
buffer and goes into an invisible buffer known as the
scrap. To remove it from the scrap use the Paste key,
gray (+) on the numeric keypad.
If a block is not marked and cut is pressed, the
line in which the cursor resides is cut to the paste
buffer. It can immediately be pasted back with paste,
and thereafter can be repeatedly pasted anywhere you
choose until you cut something else.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Date ^Dd
The current date is pasted into the text buffer at the
cursor. See Time.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Delete Block Del and #-
A separate buffer is used when block deletes occur. The
contents of this delete buffer may be pasted into the main
text buffer with a shift or control del (delete key).
This "block delete" buffer is overwritten each time a
block delete occurs.
Text may be cut and pasted by marking a block and using
the cut key, followed by the paste key. Text marked is
deleted by using the del key. It may be restored anytime
before the next block delete by pressing shift or control
del. There is no interaction between the "scrap", "block
delete", "line delete" and "line segment" buffers. All
are independent of each other.
┌────────────┐ ╔════════════╗
│Marked block├───>║ Scrap ║ Using the cut (-) key.
│ │ ║ ║ Paste using paste (+) key.
└─────┬───┬──┘ ╚════════════╝
│ │ ┌────────────┐
│ └──────>│ pb$$$$.ped │ Using shift cut. (#-)
│ │ │ Restore with shift paste.
│ └────────────┘
╔════════════╗
║Block Delete║ Using the del key
║ ║ Paste contents with
╚════════════╝ Shift or Ctrl del
Lines deleted with F4 or ^Y (delete line) can be restored
with F3 or ^U.
Line segments deleted with ^F4 or ^Qy can be restored with ^F3
or ^Qi.
Subsequent deletes will overwrite the contents of the
delete buffer.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Delete Character Del
Delete character is accomplished by pressing the key
marked Del on the numeric keypad. The character above
the cursor is deleted and all characters to the right
are moved left one position. Pressing delete in the
empty space beyond the end of a line while in insert
mode causes the line below to be joined to the current
line at the point where the cursor is. In replace mode,
pressing the delete key past the end of line has no
effect.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Delete Line F4
Delete line deletes the current line into a line buffer,
independent of the scrap. It may be restored from this
buffer by pressing F3 (undelete line). ^Y is also
assigned to delete line as a convenience for those of you
coming from control character oriented editors and word
processors.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Delete to end of line ^F4 and ^Qy
All characters from the cursor to the end of the line are
removed and placed in the deleted line buffer. They are
restored with ^F3 (undelete line segment).
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Delete Word +Del
Delete Previous Word ^Backspace
What delete word deletes is dependant on what character
the cursor is under. If blank, it and all blanks to the
first non-blank are deleted. If non-blank the 'word' is
deleted including all blanks after it to the first
non-blank. A word is defined as non-blank characters
separated by blanks or punctuation. The line is adjusted
to reflect the deletion, the cursor is positioned to
where the word began. ^T may also be used to delete a
word. To restore a deleted word use either shift Ins or
^QT.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Display Lines (EGA/VGA) ^Vx
EGA and VGA monitors have the ability to display 43 and
50 lines respectively. By selecting this option, pE will
automatically place your monitor into that mode, if its
not already there. Upon exiting, pE will restore the
mode it found prior to its execution.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
DOS Shell Alt_D
DOS Window F11
Pressing Alt D causes pE to load a copy of COMMAND.COM
and transfer control to it. Return to pE by typing EXIT
followed by ENTER.
pE stays loaded and it is possible that you may not have
sufficient memory left to either load COMMAND.COM or to
execute another program. It will help to close any
unneeded windows prior to issuing the Alt D.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Draw single line Alt_1
Draw double line Alt_2
This command is a variation of drawing a box. Mark using
Alt B or the right mouse button and press Alt 1 for a
single line or Alt 2 for a double line. Note that the
marked area should be either a single row or single
column, otherwise you will get a box, not a line.
Once a box is drawn, to draw lines within the box, place
the cursor either on the top or left edge and press Alt
1 or 2. A line will be drawn down to the bottom edge
(if the cursor was placed on the top) or to the right
edge (if the cursor was on the left). Any lines crossed
will be interconnected correctly with the appropriate
box drawing characters.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Double Space Block ^Kn
Caution - if a block isn't marked, all lines from the
cursor to the end of the file will have a blank line
inserted between them.
To double space any area of the file, line mark the area
and press ^Kn.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Duplicate Line ^Qu
^Qu will replicate all characters from the character
above the cursor to the end of the line. In insert mode
a new line is created with the cursor positioned on that
line in the same column
the same column - like this. In replace mode,
-
characters in the line immediately below are replaced
with the characters in the current line.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Edit File in new window Alt_E
Pressing Alt E will cause a new window to be created,
followed by the file chooser window. Selecting a file
will then load that file into the new window with control
transferring into that window. Pressing ESC will return
to the original window from the file chooser. The exact
same effect can be achieved by pressing Alt W (open
window) followed by Alt O (open file).
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
ENTER (Return) Enter
Pressing ENTER is a lot like pressing a carriage return
in the good old days when typing devices had carriage
returns. pE attempts to do something intelligent with
the cursor in all cases.
In text mode the cursor will move to the column
immediately under the first non-blank character on the
preceding line. The effect is to follow any indentation
established from the preceding line. An exception to
this is when the next line is not blank. The cursor
assumes since the next line is indented for a purpose, it
will follow that indentation as opposed to the prior
lines indent. It may or may not be what you want. We
have found more often than not that it is what we want.
There is a very simple way to get what you want. If the
next line is blank, the cursor position is always
determined by the preceding line.
Pressing ENTER in the middle of a line while in insert
mode splits the line at that point. All characters
from the cursor to the end of the line are brought down
to the next line.
Pressing ENTER in replace mode causes the cursor to move
to either the first non blank character of the next line
or to the column immediately under the first non blank
character of the current line.
When auto_tab mode is in effect the cursor will
automatically indent one tab stop after an open brace
character is typed ({).
Try it, its easier to see than to describe.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Exit Immediately ^Ql
Sometimes you just want to quit - get out, not save
anything, just get out. No prompts, warnings etc, just
exit to DOS.
This is the command that does the above. ^Ql (leave).
It won't save any changes, or warn you, it just exits.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Exit with Save Alt_X
This is the usual way to exit. If you've made changes
and not saved them, we advise you of that. Otherwise we
exit.
The message is:
C:\SUB\FILENAME Modified. Save? (y,n):
pressing an ENTER or y will save the file. Pressing n
will exit without saving and pressing ESC will cancel the
EXIT entirely.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
File Beginning ^PgUp
To position the cursor on the first line of the file and
to display the first page, press ^PgUp.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
File name to cursor Alt_-
Alt - will cause the current filename (only) to print at
the cursor location. Its quite handy in macros to be
able to pass a variable file name to DOS.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Page Top ^Home
Page Top will position the cursor to row 1, column 1 of
the screen.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Find Alt_F
Find Regular Expression Alt Shift F
Find Next F5
Find Previous F6
Find or Search enables you to find a given character or
string anywhere in your file. To inform pE what string
or pattern you wish to search for, press either Alt F to
find a simple string or Alt shift F to find a pattern
(known as a regular expression). If you press find
next without having specified what to find, you will also
be prompted for the find string.
Find String: or Find REG EXP: appears on the
status line.
Type either a simple character string or a regular
expression (see page ###). End your entry with ENTER or
cursor down to scan forward through the file, end with
cursor up to scan backward.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Goto Line/Tag F9
Goto line/tag allows you to jump to a sequential line
number or 'tag' which you have used to mark a location in
a buffer. Tags span windows and are unique across the
entire editing environment. Setting a tag of A in window
one allows you to return to that exact row and column
from any other window or file.
Most often, compilers will provide the sequential line
number of an error. Press F9, enter the line number, and
you're there.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Graphics Mode (Toggle) Alt_G
The graphics mode toggle (Alt G) turns the keyboard into
the line drawing character set of the PC. Each of the
nine keys forming a box starting with Q W E and going
down represent the four corners and the connection
characters associated with drawing a particular kind of
box:
q w e r t y u i o p [ ]
┌ ┬ ┐ ╔ ╦ ╗ ╒ ╤ ╕ ╓ ╥ ╖
a s d f g h j k l ; ' +
├ ┼ ┤ ╠ ╬ ╣ ╞ ╪ ╡ ╟ ╫ ╢
z x c v b n m , . / - \
└ ┴ ┘ ╚ ╩ ╝ ╘ ╧ ╛ ╙ ╨ ╜
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
│ ║ ─ ═ █ ▄ ▌ ▐ ▀ ▒
This legend is reproduced across the bottom two rows of
the screen when Alt G is pressed. Pressing or clicking
any of the specified keys produces the corresponding
character on the screen. This is very hand for making
minor repairs of diagrams or to creates non symmetrical
special effects.
You do NOT have to be in graphics mode to draw boxes or
lines.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Help (Index) F1
The help index is a pop up menu allowing you to choose
which of 17 topics you would like help on. As with all
pE menus, pressing the highlighted letter moves the bar
to that choice, pressing enter selects the choice
currently highlighted and pressing ESC cancels the
command.
Pressing help when help is up on the screen produces a
pop up labeled "Menu Help"
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Hex Mode (Toggle) Alt_H
Hex Mode displays the familiar side by side display of a
hex dump. You may edit any kind of file in hexadecimal
by altering either a hex digit or its ascii equivalent.
Note that you cannot insert or delete from a file being
edited in HEX however.
pE goes into Replace mode while editing in Hex and will
not allow you to size or move a Hex window.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Include File Alt_I
Examines the line the cursor is in for a file
specification. If one is found (between any set of
delimiters [('"{}"')], then the file referenced by the
specification is retrieved and placed into a window for
editing, if not already loaded. If the specification is
the file name only, pE will search according to the
following sequence. The file is looked for first in
the current directory, then in the path specified by the
"INCLUDE" environment variable, and finally in the path
specified in the "PATH" environment variable. If the
file is not found a suitable message is presented. The
file spec may have a line number following (blank
separated). The file will be positioned to that line
(or line 1).
This feature allows you to keep track of all the files
associated with a large system easily. You can keep a
file list of all the files you are interested in and
their locations anywhere on your disk. Point to the
file name (using cursor or mouse) and press Alt I, and
the file will be found and presented for your view or
edit.
A good way to document your programs is to include a
reference to where a function may be located as a comment
on the same line as the declaration. Then if there's any
question about what that function does, or just how the
arguments look, you can press Alt I to view it in another
window.
A way to search for a file that you know is in your path,
somewhere, from within pE, is to type it on a line, like
<jabber.txt> and then to press Alt I
the cursor does not need to be inside the < > unless
there are more than one file references on a line.
if its anywhere on your hard drive, in any subdirectory
in your path statement, pE will load it and jump to that
window.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Ins/Rpl on Startup not assigned
Some people like to be in insert mode most of the time
and some people like chocolate. Whichever you prefer can
be established as the default through OPTION menu item
Insert/Replace.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Insert Blank Line ^N
To insert a blank line in front (or above) the line you
are currently on, press ^N. The line you are on and all
lines below will scroll down leaving the cursor
positioned on a blank line.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Insert Deleted Line F3
Insert Deleted Line Segment ^F3
Insert Deleted Word +Ins ^Qt
This group of commands can be very handy in replicating
pieces of text without affecting the paste buffer.
Sometimes you want to repeat only a phrase or line or
word. By deleting and then immediately undeleting you
capture that phrase, word, or line. Then it is available
to you to insert anywhere over and over again.
Note that F4 deletes a line and
^F4 deletes to the end of line and
^T or +Del deletes a word.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Join Line ^Qj
Join line causes the next line to be appended to the
current line without moving the cursor from the column it
is in. It works the same way in insert as well as
replace mode and is the only way to join two lines
together (with a single keystroke) in replace mode.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Jump next Window F2
Jump to File in list Alt_J
Pressing F2 causes pE to 'jump' to the next window in
sequence. That is, if you're currently in window 3,
pressing F2 will move you to window 4. If there is only
one window, there will obviously be no effect.
When there are many windows open simultaneously, you
usually want to go to a specific window, as opposed to
the next window. Alt J provides this capability.
Alt J presents a list of all open windows in a pop up
menu enabling you to select which window you want.
Select by highlighting your choice and pressing enter.
If you changed your mind, you may press ESCAPE.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Left Align in Block ^Al
If no block is defined, this command will cause the line
in which the cursor is found to begin at column one. It
left flushes the line. In Word Mode the entire paragraph
is left flushed.
If a block is marked then all lines in the block are left
flushed. 'Left' is column one if a line mark and the
starting column of a block otherwise.
Note that each line is treated separately, there is no
movement of data from one line to another, irrespective
of word or text mode.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Line Beginning Home
Line End End
To move the cursor to the first character in the line,
you press HOME.
To move the cursor just past the last character in the
line, press END.
If the screen needs to shift to accommodate the above, it
will.
If the cursor is already on the first character of the
line and HOME is pressed, the cursor will proceed to the
left edge of the screen.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Line Length not assigned
Line length provides an additional right margin setting.
Its default setting is the same as the default record
length of 511 (max is 1023)
Word wrap occurs at the column whose value is line
length. Since the default value is 511, you need not
fear your text wrapping when you don't want it to. On
the other hand if you want word wrap but don't want
automatic reformatting on each keystroke, then set line
length to the column you want less than that. If you
should type out to column 511, you will wrap text back
to the current left indent.
While text will wrap between the line length setting and
whatever the current left indent is, it will not
automatically reformat when you delete characters, words
or lines. There are times when automatic reformatting
can be a nuisance.
The other advantage of setting a line length is when you
want to be assured that you will not enter data beyond a
certain column.
Line length is saved in ENV.PED when options are saved.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Lower Case a Block ^Kl
To cause all the characters in a marked block to become
lower case, press ^Kl. Pressing ^Ku will cause all
marked character to become upper case.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Macros on/off ^\
Macro undefine ^_
Macros on/off allows you to override a macro key
assignment. If for some reason you decided to use ^L as
a macro key and you wanted to temporarily override its
macro use, by pressing ^\, ^L would print a form feed
character (female symbol). Pressing ^\ once more would
restore ^L's macro function.
Macro undefine is used to disassociate a macro from a
key, permanently. Once you undefine a macro, the only
way to restore it is to either redefine and respecify the
key, or to cause it to be respecified by exiting and
reinitializing pE from an environment file (ENV.PED) that
contains the saved image of the macro.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Mark Block Alt_B
Mark Lines Alt_L
Mark Stream ^Kk
Mark Block refers to marking a rectangular area of the
screen sometimes referred to as a column block, block of
columns or RECT (for rectangle). The key is Alt B (for
block). A block is a rectangle, after all.
Mark Lines marks one or more lines. A line is an
illusionary construct that has all of its characters on a
single row. The row can be thought of as beginning in
column one and extending to column 511. The only
exception to this is in word processing mode, in which
case a line begins at the left margin and goes to the
right margin (always).
A Stream block is a stream of characters from one point
in the file to another point in the file. Stream blocks
are useful to cut, delete, and move sentences,
Cut and Paste know what kind of block is being
manipulated, so if you cut a block of columns, when you
paste, you paste a rectangular group of characters into
your file. If you're in insert mode, and there is text
on the lines you are pasting into, that text will move
over as the inserted text is inserted.
If on the other hand you are in replace mode, and you
paste a column block into existing text, you will replace
the text which is located in any given line with the text
coming from the paste buffer.
Line blocks are always pasted as lines, column blocks are
always pasted as column blocks. Stream blocks are
pasted as though the first and last lines were column
blocks and all the lines between were a line block. You
need to experiment a little bit to completely understand
this concept.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Mark Row and Col 1 & 2 ^F8
There are two tags, or bookmarks that don't have letters
associated with them. Call them mark 1 and mark 2.
Which one is which depends on the last one set. The
first time you press ^F8, mark one is set, the second
time you press ^F8, mark two is set, and the next time
you press ^F8, mark one is reset to the new position.
Once set these two marks allow you to, with a single
keystroke (F8) bounce between any two locations in your
entire editing session, across windows, files, whatever.
They provide a very easy mechanism to return to where you
started from after going somewhere else.
Note that there is a TAG line capability as well,
providing up to 26 unique locations. Other editors call
these 'Bookmarks'
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Match Braces F10
Match braces matches braces {}, parends (()) and brackets
[]. Admittedly, braces probably are only used in 'C' but
the other two are used in many other programming
languages.
This function will locate the matching brace, parend or
bracket, if it can. If it can't it will so inform you.
Position the cursor under a brace, parend or bracket and
press F10. The scan will be forward or backward
dependent on whether you choose an opening or closing
symbol.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Menu Alt Spacebar
Menu on/off not assigned
Alt spacebar will cause the pull down menu to appear with
the first letter of each group of functions highlighted.
Press the highlighted letter or use the cursor keys to
advance the highlight to the function of choice and
press ENTER to select.
An option under OPTIONs is menu on/off. Menu ON uses the
top line of the screen to show the menu options. Menu
OFF superimposes the menu window onto the top line of the
screen.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Merge File Alt_M
Merge File calls the file chooser to allow you to select
a file. The file selected is read into the paste buffer
and can subsequently be pasted into the current window,
or any window for that matter.
Put the cursor where you want the file inserted and press
paste. Its a good idea to cut a blank line after you
have merged a sizable file so that the memory used by the
paste buffer is freed up.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Move Block ^Km
If you know that you want to move a group of lines from
one position in a file to another without first cutting
and then pasting, you can accomplish both in one step
with the move block command. The same function can be
accomplished in two steps as well.
Mark a block, move the cursor to where you want the text
moved, and press ^Km. If you are in a different window,
you will be asked if you wish to cut from another page or
window, answer y for yes.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Move Window ^F10
Windows can be moved only if they are smaller than the
full size of the screen.
To move a window using the keyboard, press ^F10. Use the
arrow keys to position the window to where you want it,
then press ESC to end the move.
With the mouse 'grab' the top left corner of the window,
and holding the left button down, move the window to
where you want it. Release the mouse button.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
New File Alt_N
The New File command is used to name the contents of a
window something other than NO_NAME. It is also possible
to call the file chooser once you have selected New File.
Type Alt O (open) to pick a file from the file chooser or
type the name of a file.
NOTE: If you type the name of an existing file using
this command, and you do not have backup set, you will
overwrite the existing file with the data you place into
the buffer.
If you choose new file in a window that you have
modified, we ask if you wish to discard the changes you
have made.
If you haven't made any changes, the screen is cleared,
and the name is set to NO_NAME.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Next Character Literally ^^
Quote ^circumflex (^^) is used when you want to insert a
character that has a command assigned to it. For
example, the ^A keystroke normally invokes Align block
instead of inserting a Ctrl-A character (, ASCII value
1) into the buffer. To insert the ASCII value for
Ctrl-A,
■ Press Ctrl-^ then
■ Press Ctrl-A
A list of ASCII values for keys may be found in your DOS
manual.
The only exception to the above is in inserting the
ESCAPE character (<-, ASCII value 27). Since it is a
common character for printer escape sequences, we provide
for its insertion by typing shift ESC while editing.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Next Word ^->
Advances the cursor to the next 'word' in the buffer,
spanning lines if necessary.
A word is defined a succession of non-blank characters,
letter a-z, A-Z, and numbers 0-9, excluding all
punctuation.
This command will cause pE to scroll if necessary to
position to the next word.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Open File in this window Alt_O
Calls the file chooser, a point and shoot file selector
based on the premise that we shouldn't have to know
exactly how to spell a filename.
The file chooser also provides for the most common file
management functions, i.e. delete, rename and change
directory.
Once a file has been selected, the file is read into the
current window.
Pressing cancel (ESC) at the file chooser, returns
control to the window with the data present intact.
If changes have been made and not saved, the message:
Discard changes to <filename>? (n/y/save):
is presented. Default is n(o), so you must type a y(es)
or s(ave). If you type yes, than your changes will be
lost, if you type save, then the changes will be saved
and then the file chooser will be called.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Open Line Alt Num Enter
Open Line provides a way for you to cause all the
character to the right of the cursor to be inserted below
the current line and for you to continue typing on the
current line (cursor doesn't move), all with one
keystroke. It works the same in insert or replace mode.
Open Line would be like pressing enter (in insert mode)
followed by returning the cursor to the column and row
before the press of enter.
Again, its one of those that are much easier done, than
explained. Try it, you'll like it.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Open Window Alt_W
Opens a new window, and transfers control to it.
If the maximum number of windows have already been
opened, then the message "Sorry - no more Windows" is
displayed in an error box.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Page Bottom ^End
Moves the cursor to the last row in the window, column
one.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Page Down PgDn
Displays the next n number of lines in the file, where n
is the number of lines between the top and bottom borders
of the current window.
The last page attempts to display a full page, so the
screen is positioned such that the last line is on the
bottom row of the screen, if possible.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Page Top ^Home
Positions the cursor to row 1, column 1 of the current
window.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Page Up PgUp
Displays the previous n lines of text from your file in
the current window, where n is the number of lines
between the top and bottom of your window.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Paragraph Down +PgDn
Paragraph Up +PgUp
Positions the cursor to the next/previous paragraph.
A paragraph is defined as a succession of non blank lines
followed by a blank line or one whose leftmost character
is indented from the previous line.
This is a new paragraph.
So is this.
But not this.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Paragraph Format not assigned
Paragraph format refers to the margin and alignment
settings for word mode.
The left margin, right margin and indent may be set as
well as the alignment type of left, right or unjustified.
Left aligned is when the paragraph is aligned on the left
but having a ragged right edge.
Right aligned is when both the left and right edges of a
paragraph are aligned. This is also known as justified.
Unjustified removes extra blanks placed there when a
paragraph was justified. It never needs to be selected
unless you wish to return to a left alignment after a you
tried a right alignment.
These parameters are used when word mode is selected to
align paragraphs and set margins.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Paste Gray Plus
Paste moves the contents of the 'scrap' into the buffer
you are currently editing.
It is important to recognize the difference between
insert and replace when pasting column blocks. In insert
mode, data is inserted at the cursor and any characters
to the right of the cursor will be displaced to the right
of the inserted string. In replace mode, on the other
hand, any characters in the buffer corresponding to a
character in the scrap will be overlaid (or replaced).
Line blocks are inserted vertically above the line in
which the cursor resides.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Previous Position F8
Previous position refers to the currently set mark 1 and
mark 2. (see Mark row and col, 1&2). F8 will position
the cursor to first Mark 1 and then Mark 2. It provides
for a single keystroke 'get me back to where I was key'.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Print Block Alt_P
Print File Alt_P
If a block is marked, we assume you wish to print only
the block, else we print the entire contents of the
current window. You can always call the print processor
from outside pE by typing
pe_print [filetoprint] [outputfile]
filetoprint - optional filename to print - file chooser
will be presented otherwise
outputfile - you can direct the output to a file, a
good choice if you wish to see the where
the page breaks occurred.
The following commands are effective in the print
processor:
^F2 - Save print options in [PRTENV.PED]
F3 - Reset Output to device. May be a filespec
HOME - First item in print option list
END - Last item in print option list
To begin printing, type HOME,ENTER
To change values - type new value followed by ENTER.
To toggle Headers and Footers, use space bar.
ESC - Cancel Print Request
The print processor gives you the ability to print your
text anywhere on the page. For this reason, left margin
values are really not important, except for displaying on
a monitor. When you go the print a document, you may set
all of your margins to achieve the desired effect.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Quick Save and Exit Alt_Q
Quick save and Exit is a useful macro which saves the
existing file to the same name and exits.
The macro executes exactly as if you were to type:
Alt S followed by Enter followed by Alt X.
The macro definition can be viewed by pressing Ctrl F1,
then Alt Q.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Record Keystrokes ^F1
Up to 255 individual keystrokes can be recorded and
assigned to a single key. We call this a 'macro'. You
may record any keystroke, including macro keys (whether
or not they have been assigned). This means that macros
may call themselves or other macros.
Macros are intended to provide an easy way to insert
repetitive keystrokes into your text, they are also
intended to provide for the execution of a sequence of pE
commands.
Macro processing is block sensitive. I.E. if a block is
defined, the macro will operate only within the block.
You must however position the cursor to the beginning of
the block to begin processing.
Macro processing is also sensitive to the end of the
file. If a repetitive macro performs some function on
each line, it will stop when there are no more lines.
Macros will also stop when an error causing either the
message window or error window occurs.
It is still possible to get a macro into an infinite
loop. To break one of these loops, press ESCAPE. You
may have to press ESCAPE twice depending on exactly what
the macro does.
There are no limits (other than available memory) on the
number of macros.
Macros are saved along with all option settings when
options are saved (^F2).
Certain tsr's that alter the keyboard typematic rate can
cause macros that are repeatedly executed by holding down
a key (counting on the repeating of the key) to not
function correctly. You have two choices. Uninstall the
tsr's or execute the macro by continuously repressing the
key assigned.
The double lines printed above and below the heading were
done with a macro that inserts one ═ at a time. By
holding the key assigned to that macro, we could control
exactly how long a double line was inserted. While there
are many ways to draw lines in pE, this one is good for
drawing a variable length line without having to
prespecify where it goes.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Repeat Character ^R
Pressing ^R asks for a 'Repeat Count ='. Enter a number
up to 99,999 and press ENTER. Enter a character. The
character repeats 'count' times. If the character is a
macro, the macro will be executed 'count' times.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Restore Block +Gray Plus
Restore block inserts the last DELETED block from file
PB$$$$.PED in between the current line and the line
above.
This function is intended to act as a safety net after a
large block was deleted (by holding the shift key and
pressing the keypad minus (-)). It also is useful in
providing a different place for text to be 'cut' to and
pasted from, without affecting the current scrap.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Restore Line ESC
If you begin making changes to a line and decide you do
not wish to keep them, press ESC before you exit that
line; the line will be restored to its state prior the
changes begun.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Replace Regular Expression Alt Shift R
Replace String Alt_R
Replace string allows you to do global search and replace
operations. By holding the shift key while pressing Alt
R you may use a regular expression on the search side of
a replace.
The replace command can be performed globally, restricted
to a block, or you may chooses to be prompted at each and
every occurrence of the found string.
Keying Alt_R (Replace) causes
Replace "
to appear on the status line. Key in the text to search
for, followed by ENTER. The closing quote followed by
the word 'With' and a quote will appear immediately
following the replace string.
Replace "string1" With "
Enter the text you wish substituted for the search
string, again follow with ENTER. The prompt: 'All?
(y/n):' asks if you wish to change all occurrences, or
to be selective.
Replace "string1" With "string2" All?
Answering y (yes) to All? will replace all occurrences
of string1 with string2. String2 may be NULL, in which
case string1 is deleted wherever found.
Answering n (no) scans forward looking for the next
occurrence of string1. Upon finding it, pE
highlights the string and asks:
O.K.? (y/n/all):
'Y' replaces the string and restarts the scan,
'N' continues to the next occurrence, and
'A' replaces the current, and all subsequent,
occurrences.
At any time you may press ESC to cancel this command.
For an in depth presentation of Regular expressions see
page ###).
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Return Word Count ^Qn
My kids, who use pE to type their term papers, asked me
for this one. The count of words is displayed in a
message pop up. A word is defined as a succession of non
blank characters separated by blanks. This count may
vary from other word counts because of what other
processors define a word to be.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Right Align in Block ^Ar
Text is flushed right in the defined block. It is not
justified (there is no movement of data across lines).
Each line is treated as a separate entity and moved to
the right edge of the block.
In word processing mode all lines in the paragraph
defined from the cursor position to the first non blank
line are moved to the right margin.
In text mode all lines marked in a block are moved to the
boundaries of the block. If a block is not marked then
the current line is moved to the right window border.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Row to Bottom ^down
Row to Center ^5
Row to Top ^up
The cursor row moves to the bottom line, Center
(vertically) line, and upper line repectvilly.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Ruler - Horizontal ^Vh
Ruler - Vertical ^Vv
On occasion, it is useful to be able to count characters
and lines. These rules will pop up overtop of your work
and can be positioned anywhere with the cursor keys.
Pressing ESC puts them away again. Note that both the
vertical and horizontal rules start at 0, not 1. To
count the number of characters in a line segment position
the ruler so that 1 is on the first character and read
the position of the last character.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Save File ^Ks
This will save the file to the name used as the window
title. No questions, just saves. Editing continues.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Save File As Alt_S
Alt S is uses to save the current work to the same or a
different file name. Once the save has occurred, editing
continues.
The file name displayed in the window border is presented
as the save file name. The cursor is positioned after
the last character of the name. You may edit the name or
press ENTER to accept it.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Save Options ^F2
When an editing session begins, pE looks in the current
directory for a file called ENV.PED. If it finds the
file, it uses the values therein to set borders, menus,
margins, line lengths etc. It also loads any macros it
finds along with tab settings and generally all of the
user definable options.
If ENV.PED is not found in the current directory, then
the home directory is searched. The home directory is
either the path defined by the PED environment variable
or the directory in which the pe executable is found.
(On DOS systems prior to 3.0 you must set PED equal to
the path where pe.exe is to be found).
If ENV.PED is still not found, a default ENV.PED is
created in the current directory.
When you save options (^F2), ENV.PED is written to the
current directory.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Scroll Down +dn-arrow
Scroll Up +up-arrow
Scroll Window Left +<-
Scroll Window Right +->
Holding the shift key while pressing any arrow key on the
numeric keypad will scroll the screen in the arrow
direction without moving the cursor.
Exactly the same effect is achieved by pressing Scroll
Lock except that until Scroll Lock is pressed once more
the scrolling action will continue each time a cursor
arrow is pressed.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Set Tabs ^F7
There are two sets of tab stops in pE. One for text mode
and one for word mode.
In text mode tabs are initialized to every four columns
starting a 1 and proceeding to column 77.
In word mode the stops are every 5 columns apart instead
of every 4.
When ^F7 is selected, line of T....T....T's appears at
the current cursor row, overlaying whatever text is there.
The text is not lost, it will reappear once you have
finished setting tabs. To set a tabstop in a particular
column, advance the cursor to that column and type a T in
that column. Remove the T from a column in which you
don't want a tab stop. You do not have to replace t's
with periods (.). Any character other than T is ignored.
Lower case is acceptable as well as upper.
When you have finished, press ENTER to affect the change
and press ESC to change your mind.
If you press ENTER, the question:
Detab increment [8]:
will appear on the status line. You may change the
increment or press ESC. If you press ENTER one final
question is presented:
Do you want blanks replaced with tabs on output? (y/n):
Pressing ENTER or ESC leaves the current setting alone.
Detab increment refers to the number of spaces between tab
characters when a file is detabbed. Most ASCII text
processors (including pE) use 8 as their tab increment for
input or output.
You have a choice when a file is written to replace any
blanks with tabs or not. Using tabs instead of blanks
provides a saving in the number or characters stored on disk.
The saving can be substantial in certain kinds of files.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Shift Text F7
This command allows you to move text or any group of columns
(including blank space) around the screen with either the
mouse or the arrow keys. It provides for those times when
you wish you could move a block a few positions up, down,
left or right, without having to cut and paste.
Mark the block using Alt B or by clicking the right mouse
button (and dragging). Extend the block to cover the
area you wish. Press F7 (or with the mouse click left
on the upper left corner of the block). The block will
change color, signifying that it is 'loose'. Move it
around with the arrow keys or the mouse. When it is
where you want it, type paste (grey +) or release the
mouse.
It is best to be in replace mode for this operation.
Unless you with the text to the right of the block to
move left to the left edge of the block.
Try this a few times and it will become your favorite
command.
There are two restrictions.
The block may not be larger than the screen in any
direction.
The block may not be moved off the screen.
You can always cut and paste.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Single Space in block ^Kd
To single space a block, mark the block (either kind) and
press ^Kd.
If a block is not marked, all blank lines from the cursor
row through the last line in the file are removed.
^Kn double spaces a block.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Size Window ^F9
Windows may be sized by moving their bottom or right edge
up or left.
They may be moved with ^F10.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Sort Lines ^S
Mark a column block, defining what you wish to use as
sort keys. Press ^S. The lines are sorted in sequence
by examining the characters in the block. Very handy for
lists of all kinds. Please note that a copy of the
sorted lines is made first. This means you can only sort
using Half the available memory. This command is
intended for short lists, etc. If you need to sort the
whole file (and it is large) use the DOS sort command or
PC mag utility SORT.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Tab Right TAB
Tab Left Shift TAB
See 'Set Tabs'.
Tab Right advances the cursor to the next tab stop higher
than the current cursor position.
In insert mode it inserts the appropriate number of
spaces in the line.
In replace mode it moves the cursor.
Tab Left or backtab moves the cursor to the left to the
previous tab stop.
In insert mode it will remove any blanks between the
current cursor location and the previous tab stop.
It will not remove non blanks.
In replace mode it moves the cursor.
When a block is marked and at least partially visible,
all of the lines participating in the block are shifted
one tab stop to the right or left. The entire block is
shifted, irrespective of where the cursor started out.
The cursor is positioned on the left most column of the
group of lines which is non blank.
This command is very useful to rapidly indent/outdent a
group of lines.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Tag Line (tag) Alt_T
Up to 26 'tags' or bookmarks may be placed in the various
files you are editing. They correspond to the letters of
the alphabet and my be jumped to once set with the 'goto'
command. (F9).
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Tile Windows Alt_Y
Tile windows splits the screen into 2, 3 or 4 panes,
placing a window into each pane. When there are only 2
or 3 windows, Alt Y will alternate between a horizontal
and vertical placement of the windows.
If there are more than 4 windows, the most current 4 are
in the foreground, all others are 'hidden' behind the
visible windows.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Time ^Dt
Pastes the time into the current cursor location. See
Date ^Dd
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Insert mode (Toggle) Ins
Pressing Ins on the numeric keypad toggles pE's
insert/replace state. An indicator on the bottom line
provides an indication of the insert state (or replace
state).
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Undelete Line F3 or ^U
If you inadvertently press F4, you may undelete the
line with F3. ^U may also be used.
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Unmark Block Alt_U
Alt U will unmark a marked block. Double left clicking
the mouse will also unmark a block (but only if you have
a mouse).
════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
Upper Case a Block ^Ku
To turn all the letters in a marked block to upper case,
press ^Ku. The block must be marked.
^Kl will lower case a block.
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View File Read Only Alt_V
A file may be placed in a window in a read only status
with Alt V. No changes whatever are allowed to the file
and it cannot be written. A marked block can, however,
be written.
You may mark a block and copy that block to another file
but you may not cut or paste to the read only file.
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Word Processing on/off ^F6 or F12
For folks with the extended keyboard F12 turns word
processing mode on or off, for the rest of us its ^F6.
Word mode continuously reformats between the left and
right margin as you type.
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Write Block ^Ks
Write block allows you to mark part (or all) of a file
and cause it to be written to the filename of your choice.
A warning is issued if the file name already exists.
It is very convenient in splitting a file into pieces.
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Unix Line Endings ^Vu
pE has the ability to read (and write back) UNIX ascii
files. Read about the switches. ^Vu acts as a toggle.
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Zoom Windows Alt_Z
If a window is reduced in size from its normal full
screen size, pressing zoom will cause it to occupy the
entire screen. Similarly if an alternate size has been
defined, pressing zoom will cause the window to assume
its alternate size. (see size window).
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──│ │o │──────────────────
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